Allergen Report: September 2024

Summary

September means peak ragweed season across nearly every U.S. state, with leaf mold and wildfire smoke adding to the airborne mix. Here's your region-by-region pollen breakdown and practical tips for breathing easier this fall.

Ragweed Season Is in Full Swing

If you've been reaching for tissues and allergy medicine lately, you're not alone. September is peak ragweed season, and unless you're lucky enough to live in Alaska (the only U.S. state where ragweed doesn't grow), there's a good chance this persistent weed is affecting your air [1]. What makes ragweed so relentless? A single plant can produce up to one billion pollen grains in a season, and those grains can travel more than 100 miles on the wind [2].

Ragweed typically blooms from late summer through early fall, ending a couple of weeks after the first frost [2]. So if frost hasn't hit your area yet, hang in there.

The silver lining: tree and grass pollen are winding down for the year, with just a few stragglers finishing their seasons. The not-so-silver lining: active wildfires may still be sending smoke across state lines, affecting air quality in communities far from the source fires [3]. There may also be an uptick in airborne fine particulate matter (PM2.5) as schools, businesses, and other industries resume normal operations after summer.

September Pollen by Region

Here's a snapshot of the typical pollens found across the United States this September [4, 5]:

Northeast

  • Tree pollen: Cedar, Juniper
  • Grass pollen: Bermuda
  • Weeds: Cocklebur, Dogfennel, Ragweed, Sagebrush

Southeast

  • Tree pollen: Cedar, Elm, Juniper
  • Grass pollen: Bermuda
  • Weeds: Cocklebur, Dogfennel, Ragweed, Sagebrush

Midwest

  • Tree pollen: Typically none in measurable quantity
  • Grass pollen: Bermuda, Johnsongrass
  • Weeds: Cocklebur, Marsh Elder, Nettle, Plantain, Ragweed, Russian Thistle, Sagebrush

South Central

  • Tree pollen: Elm
  • Grass pollen: Bermuda
  • Weeds: Cocklebur, Marsh Elder, Nettle, Plantain, Ragweed, Russian Thistle

Southwest

  • Tree pollen: Cedar, Elm, Juniper
  • Grass pollen: Typically none in measurable quantity
  • Weeds: Cocklebur, Ragweed, Sagebrush

Northwest

  • Tree pollen: Typically none in measurable quantity
  • Grass pollen: Typically none in measurable quantity
  • Weeds: Cocklebur, Ragweed, Sagebrush

Opening the Windows? Check Your Air First

With fall just around the corner, it's tempting to throw open the windows and enjoy the cooler air. We're all for it, but keep an eye on your local outdoor air quality before you do. You don't want to invite pollen, wildfire smoke, or other uninvited airborne guests inside.

If the air outside isn't exactly fresh, a high-quality air purifier can help.

Leaf Mold: Fall's Sneaky Allergen

Soon the ground will be covered in fall leaves. They may be beautiful on the trees, but once they're down and hit by a few rain showers, mold starts to grow. Mold thrives in warm, damp environments, and a pile of wet leaves is the perfect breeding ground [6].

For the many people sensitive to mold, this time of year can bring a familiar set of symptoms: sneezing, runny nose, itchy or watery eyes, coughing, and wheezing [6]. Mold exposure can also trigger asthma attacks in people who are sensitive [7, 8].

The good news? There are practical ways to protect yourself:

  1. Wear a mask, gloves, and long sleeves when raking or working around fallen leaves to reduce exposure [9]
  2. Don't let leaves pile up. Rake, bag, and dispose of them before they have a chance to decompose and become mold factories
  3. Watch your local air quality reports for mentions of high mold spore counts
  4. Talk to your doctor about antihistamines to help manage symptoms during peak mold season [6]

International Day of Clean Air for Blue Skies

September 7 marks the International Day of Clean Air for Blue Skies, designated by the United Nations General Assembly in 2019 to emphasize the need for cleaner air worldwide [10].

The day highlights a sobering reality: according to the World Health Organization, air pollution is the leading environmental health risk globally [11]. The combined effects of outdoor and household air pollution are associated with an estimated 6.7 million premature deaths each year [12]. A major driver? The burning of fossil fuels, which releases harmful pollutants like fine particulate matter into the atmosphere [13].

These effects aren't distributed equally. Women, children, and older adults in lower-income communities bear a disproportionate share of the health burden [14, 15]. And the economic toll is staggering: a World Bank report estimated the global health cost of PM2.5 air pollution at $8.1 trillion, equivalent to 6.1% of global GDP [16].

While an air purifier can help you manage your indoor air quality, September 7 is a great reminder to think about what you can do to improve outdoor air quality in your own community, too. Small steps add up.

References

  1. Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America. Ragweed pollen allergy [Internet]. Landover (MD): AAFA; 2025 [cited 2026 Feb 10]..
  2. American College of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. Late summer is the time to start preparing for fall ragweed season [Internet]. Arlington Heights (IL): ACAAI; 2023 [cited 2026 Feb 10]..
  3. National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service. NOAA satellites tracked historic levels of harmful smoke, impacting millions in the Eastern U.S. [Internet]. Washington (DC): NOAA; 2023 [cited 2026 Feb 10]..
  4. American College of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. Ragweed allergy: causes, symptoms & treatment [Internet]. Arlington Heights (IL): ACAAI; 2024 [cited 2026 Feb 10]..
  5. Lo F, Bitz CM, Battisti DS, Hess JJ. Pollen calendars and maps of allergenic pollen in North America. Aerobiologia. 2019;35(4):613-633. doi:10.1007/s10453-019-09601-2..
  6. American College of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. Mold allergy: causes, symptoms & treatment [Internet]. Arlington Heights (IL): ACAAI; [cited 2026 Feb 10]..
  7. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. How does mold affect people with asthma? [Internet]. Washington (DC): EPA; [cited 2026 Feb 10]..
  8. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Mold [Internet]. Atlanta (GA): CDC; [cited 2026 Feb 10]..
  9. Mayo Clinic. Mold allergy - diagnosis and treatment [Internet]. Rochester (MN): Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research; [cited 2026 Feb 10]..
  10. United Nations General Assembly. International Day of Clean Air for blue skies: Resolution 74/212 [Internet]. New York: UN; 2019 Dec 19 [cited 2026 Feb 10]..
  11. World Health Organization. Health impacts [Internet]. Geneva: WHO; [cited 2026 Feb 10]..
  12. World Health Organization. Ambient (outdoor) air pollution [Internet]. Geneva: WHO; [cited 2026 Feb 10]..
  13. World Health Organization. Types of pollutants [Internet]. Geneva: WHO; [cited 2026 Feb 10]..
  14. World Health Organization. Equity impacts of air pollution [Internet]. Geneva: WHO; [cited 2026 Feb 10]..
  15. World Health Organization. Household air pollution and health [Internet]. Geneva: WHO; [cited 2026 Feb 10]..
  16. World Bank. The global health cost of PM2.5 air pollution: a case for action beyond 2021. Washington (DC): World Bank; 2022. doi:10.1596/978-1-4648-1816-5..

Explore the Breathe Easy Blog

View all

Fall Leaf Burning and Air Quality

Fall Leaf Burning and Air Quality

Backyard burning is pretty much exactly what it sounds like. On their own properties, people burn vegetative waste or household trash that would typically be recycled or sent to a landfill. Burning can happen in a barrel, homemade burn box, wood stove, outdoor boiler, or an open pit [1][1].

Some people think of backyard burning as a nostalgic autumn tradition and convenient, affordable way to get rid of leaves and waste. Others don't think about it at all … until the smoke from their neighbor's burn pile shows up in the air around and inside their home. 

Read more

Smoking Is Making a Comeback. What Does That Mean for Your Air?

Smoking Is Making a Comeback. What Does That Mean for Your Air?

Cigarettes are having a cultural moment again. For a while, they seemed destined to become a relic of another era. Then came vaping, sleek electronic devices, flavored nicotine, a way to smoke almost anywhere, and a whole new aesthetic. 

Now, the pendulum appears to be swinging again.

Recent cultural coverage has pointed renewed interest in something trendsetters are calling analog smoking, especially among younger consumers. Cigarettes are showing up in fashion, celebrity imagery, nightlife culture, and social media feeds, alongside terms like cigfluencers, Gen Z smoking, and even vape fatigue.

Read more

Living and Breathing with Lyme Disease

Living and Breathing with Lyme Disease

When you were a kid and had never seen "Lyme disease" spelled out before, you might have assumed it had something to do with little green citrus fruits. (No? Just me?) 

Turns out, the disease is named for Lyme, Connecticut, where the first cluster of cases was documented back in 1977. Unfortunately, Lyme disease has spread far beyond Lyme's town limits: Today, it's been reported in almost every U.S. state, but the Northeast, Mid-Atlantic, and Upper Midwest regions see the most cases. It also exists in Asia, Europe, and other parts of the world [1, 2][1, 2]. 

Read more

Better Together: Why Different Air Filters Do Different Jobs

Better Together: Why Different Air Filters Do Different Jobs

Fall has a way of putting maintenance back on everyone's radar. You're changing routines, getting the house ready for cooler weather, and maybe finally tackling that list of things you meant to check months ago. Changing your air purifier filters deserves a spot on that to-do list.

Read more

What You Should Know About Humidifiers

What You Should Know About Humidifiers

Clean air isn't just about clearing out particles and volatile organic compounds. Humidity is an important component of indoor air quality (IAQ), and the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) lists monitoring and adjusting humidity as a way to improve the air in your home [1][1]. 

Plus, research suggests that indoor humidity could play a bigger role in your health than you might think. Experimental studies show that too much or too little humidity can create conditions that make it easier for germs and allergens to stick around [2][2].

Read more

Should You Pair an Air Purifier and a Dehumidifier This Summer?

Should You Pair an Air Purifier and a Dehumidifier This Summer?

Sticky summer air isn't for everyone. Whether you love or hate climates that make you sweat on the way to your mailbox, the objective reality is that humidity creates a few extra challenges for people who care about air quality.

Before we get into those potential clean-air and respiratory health threats, let's take a minute to go over the basics of humidity.

Read more

Hurricane Season Starts Outside. The Air Prep Starts at Home.

Hurricane Season Starts Outside. The Air Prep Starts at Home.

Hurricane prep usually starts with the obvious: batteries, bottled water, flashlights, medications, and a plan for where to go if conditions turn dangerous. But hurricane season home preparation should also include the air inside your home.

I've lived in Florida my whole life, so hurricane prep feels almost like a seasonal ritual. Still, indoor air can be easy to overlook when there are shutters to hang and supplies to track down.

Read more

Clean Air Self-Care: Small Ways to Breathe and Feel Better at Home

Clean Air Self-Care: Small Ways to Breathe and Feel Better at Home

As I live and breathe, National Wellness Month is finally here! And what better time to talk about personal wellness tips and tricks than this? Self-care can take many forms. For some, it's a better bedtime routine. Morning people might tell you it's a few quiet minutes before the day begins.

Read more

Outside In: How Your Yard Affects Your Indoor Air Quality

Outside In: How Your Yard Affects Your Indoor Air Quality

Counterintuitively, a big part of maintaining good indoor air quality (IAQ) is being more mindful of the air outside your home. That's because half of what's in the air outside can make its way inside [1][1].

From pollen and mold spores to pesticides and other lawn treatments, lots of different outdoor contaminants find their way into the air you breathe when you're chilling on the couch, eating lunch at the kitchen table, or even tucked under the covers in bed. 

Read more