Cardiology is the medical specialty focused on the heart and circulatory system, including the blood vessels that carry blood throughout the body. Cardiologists diagnose, treat, and help prevent conditions such as high blood pressure, coronary artery disease, heart rhythm disorders, heart failure, and heart attack risk [1]. 

Because the cardiovascular system is closely connected to oxygen delivery and inflammation throughout the body, heart health can be influenced by both lifestyle factors and environmental exposures, including air quality [2]. Even subtle changes in blood flow, vessel function, or inflammation can affect how efficiently the heart works and how well the body’s systems are supported over time.

In addition to genetics and lifestyle factors such as diet, exercise, and stress, environmental exposures are increasingly recognized as important contributors to cardiovascular health. Research shows that air quality, particularly exposure to fine particulate matter and airborne pollutants, may influence inflammation, vascular function, and long-term heart health outcomes [2,3,4].

Exposure to poor air quality, particularly fine particulate matter (PM2.5), has been linked to changes in blood vessel function that may contribute to elevated blood pressure. These microscopic particles are small enough to enter the bloodstream through the lungs, where they can trigger inflammation, oxidative stress, and narrowing of the blood vessels. Repeated exposure to airborne pollutants may place additional strain on the cardiovascular system, making it harder for the heart to pump efficiently. For individuals who already have hypertension or other heart-related conditions, poor air quality may worsen symptoms and increase overall cardiovascular risk [3].

Poor air quality has also been associated with an increased risk of stroke. Fine particulate matter and other airborne pollutants may contribute to inflammation, blood vessel dysfunction, and changes in blood clotting, all of which can increase the likelihood of a blocked or narrowed artery supplying the brain. Research suggests that both short-term exposure to high pollution levels and long-term exposure over time may raise stroke risk, particularly in individuals with underlying cardiovascular disease, hypertension, or advanced age [4].