Otolaryngology is a medical specialty that focuses on the ears, nose, throat, and related structures of the head and neck. Known as ear, nose, and throat doctors, or ENTs for short, otolaryngology specialists are trained in both medicine and surgery [1]. They can treat everything from chronic cough, runny nose, and allergies to sleep apnea and snoring to vertigo [2].  

ENTs are uniquely qualified to perform surgical procedures on the delicate and complex tissues of the head and neck. According to the American Academy of Otolaryngology, otolaryngology is the oldest medical specialty in the United States [1].

Exposure to high levels of traffic-related pollution and exhaust particles during the first year of life has been linked through research to an increased risk of sensitization to aeroallergens in early childhood. Additionally, studies on traffic-related air pollutant exposure during pregnancy reveal that exposure is positively associated with the development of allergic rhinitis (AR) in children [4].

Because the ears, nose, and throat are connected through the upper respiratory tract, inflammation in one area can affect the others. Air pollutants that cause nasal congestion or sinus inflammation can block the Eustachian tubes, which control pressure in the middle ear, leading to ear pain, pressure, or even infections. Meanwhile, throat lining irritation from pollutants can contribute to persistent sore throat, hoarseness, and chronic laryngitis, which can impact swallowing and voice quality [3].